✷ Laser
Igama layo elipheleleyo kuKwandiswa koKhanya ngokuPhumeza okuPhuculweyo kweRadiation.Oku ngokoqobo kuthetha "ukwandiswa kwemitha yokukhanya-imincili".Ingumthombo wokukhanya wokufakelwa kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwendalo, ezinokusasazeka kumgama omde kumgca ochanekileyo kwaye unokuhlanganiswa kwindawo encinci.
✷ Umahluko phakathi kweLaser kunye nokukhanya kwendalo
1. I-Monochromaticity
Ukukhanya kwendalo kubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamaza ukusuka kwi-ultraviolet ukuya kwi-infrared.Ubude bayo buhluka.
Ukukhanya kwendalo
Ukukhanya kweLaser bubude obunye bokukhanya, ipropathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-monochromaticity.Inzuzo ye-monochromaticity kukuba inyusa ukuguquguquka koyilo lwe-optical.
ILaser
Isalathisi sokukhanya sokukhanya siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude bobude.
Xa ukukhanya kwendalo kudlula kwilensi, ukusasazwa kwenzeka ngenxa yeendidi ezahlukeneyo zamaza amaza aqulethwe ngaphakathi.Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-chromatic aberration.
Ukukhanya kweLaser, kwelinye icala, bubude obunye bokukhanya obujikela kwicala elinye kuphela.
Umzekelo, ngelixa i-lens yekhamera idinga ukuba noyilo olulungisa ukugqwetheka ngenxa yombala, iilaser kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo kuphela i-wavelength, ukuze i-beam ikwazi ukusasazwa kumgama omde, ivumela uyilo oluchanekileyo olugxininisa ukukhanya. kwindawo encinci.
2. Directivity
Umkhombandlela liqondo apho isandi okanye ukukhanya kungafane kwenzeke ukuba kusabe njengoko kuhamba esithubeni;umkhombandlela ophezulu ubonisa usasazo oluncinci.
Ukukhanya kwendalo: Iquka ukukhanya okuxutywe kumacala ahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphucula i-directality, i-complex optical system iyafuneka ukususa ukukhanya ngaphandle kwendlela eya phambili.
ILaser:Kukukhanya okuhamba phambili, kwaye kulula ukuyila i-optics ukuvumela i-laser ukuba ihambe ngendlela echanekileyo ngaphandle kokusasaza, ivumela ukuhanjiswa komgama omde njalo njalo.
3. Ukuyondelelana
Ukuhambelana kubonisa indlela ukukhanya okuthanda ngayo ukuphazamisana.Ukuba ukukhanya kuthathwa njengamaza, ukusondela kweebhendi kuphezulu ukuhambelana.Umzekelo, amaza ahlukeneyo kumphezulu wamanzi anokwandisa okanye arhoxise elinye kwelinye xa engqubana elinye nelinye, kwaye ngendlela efanayo nale nto isenzeka, kokukhona amaza angaqhelekanga kokukhona buthathaka iqondo lophazamiseko.
Ukukhanya kwendalo
Isigaba se-laser, ubude be-waveleng, kunye nesalathiso ziyafana, kwaye iliza elinamandla linokugcinwa, ngaloo ndlela livumela ukuhanjiswa komgama omde.
Iincopho zeLaser kunye neentlambo ziyahambelana
Ukukhanya okuhambelanayo okuphezulu, okunokudluliselwa kwimigama emide ngaphandle kokusasaza, kunenzuzo yokuba inokuhlanganiswa kwiindawo ezincinci nge-lens, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengokukhanya okuphezulu ngokuhambisa ukukhanya okwenziwa kwenye indawo.
4. Ubuninzi bamandla
IiLaser zinemonochromaticity egqwesileyo, ukuqondisa, kunye nokuhambelana, kwaye zinokudityaniswa zibe ngamabala amancinci ukwenza ukukhanya okukhulu koxinano lwamandla.IiLasers zinokwehliswa ukuya kufutshane nomda wokukhanya kwendalo okungenakufikelelwa kukukhanya kwendalo.(Umda wokudlula: Ubhekisa ekungakwazini ngokomzimba ukujolisa ukukhanya kwinto encinci kunobude bokukhanya.)
Ngokunciphisa i-laser kwisayizi encinci, ukukhanya kokukhanya (ubuninzi bamandla) kunokunyuswa ukuya kwindawo apho ingasetyenziselwa ukusika isinyithi.
ILaser
✷ Umgaqo weLaser Oscillation
1. Umgaqo wokuveliswa kwe-laser
Ukuvelisa ukukhanya kwelaser, iiathom okanye iimolekyuli ezibizwa ngokuba yilaser media ziyafuneka.I-laser medium inamandla angaphandle (ichulumancile) ukwenzela ukuba i-athomu itshintshe ukusuka kwindawo ephantsi yamandla ukuya kwi-high-energy state.
Imeko echulumancisayo yimeko apho ii-electron ngaphakathi kwe-athomu zihamba ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya kwiqokobhe langaphandle.
Emva kokuba i-athomu iguqulele kwisimo sochulumanco, ibuyela kwimeko yomhlaba emva kwexesha elithile (ixesha elithathayo ukubuya kwimo echulumancisayo ukuya kwindawo ephantsi ibizwa ngokuba yi-fluorescence lifetime).Ngeli xesha amandla afunyenweyo asasazwa ngendlela yokukhanya ukubuyela kwimeko yomhlaba (i-radiation ezenzekelayo).
Oku kukhanya kunobude obukhethekileyo.IiLasers ziveliswa ngokuguqula iiathom zibekwimeko yochulumanco kwaye emva koko kutsalwe ukukhanya okuza kukusebenzisa.
2. Umgaqo we-Amplified Laser
Iiathom eziye zatshintshwa zaya kwimo echulumancisayo kangangexesha elithile ziya kukhanyisa ukukhanya ngenxa yemitha ezenzekelayo kwaye zibuyele kumhlaba ophantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, okukhona ukukhanya okukhanyisayo kunamandla, kokukhona inani leathom kwimo echulumancisayo liya kwanda, kunye nemitha yokukhanya ezenzekelayo nayo iya kwanda, okukhokelela kwisenzeko semitha echulumancisayo.
Imitha evuselelweyo yimeko apho, emva kwesiganeko ukukhanya okuzenzekelayo okanye okuvuselelweyo kwi-atom echulumancisayo, oko kukhanya kunika i-athomu echulumancisayo ngamandla okwenza ukukhanya kube ngamandla ahambelanayo.Emva kwemitha echulumancisayo, i-athomu echulumancisayo ibuyela kwimeko yayo yomhlaba.Yile mitha evuselelweyo esetyenziselwa ukukhulisa iilaser, kwaye okukhona inani elikhulu leathom kwimeko yochulumanco, kokukhona kuveliswa ngokuqhubekayo imitha yemitha, evumela ukukhanya ukuba kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kukhutshwe njengokukhanya kwelaser.
✷ Ukwakhiwa kweLaser
Iilaser zemizi-mveliso zihlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezi-4.
1. I-laser ye-semiconductor: I-laser esebenzisa i-semiconductor ene-active layer (i-light-emitting layer) isakhiwo njengendawo yayo.
2. I-laser yegesi: I-CO2 lasers esebenzisa igesi ye-CO2 njengento ephakathi isetyenziswa kakhulu.
3. I-Laser-state eqinile: Ngokuqhelekileyo iilaser ze-YAG kunye ne-YVO4 lasers, kunye ne-YAG kunye ne-YVO4 i-crystalline laser media.
4. Ifayibha laser: usebenzisa ifayibha optical njengendlela medium.
✷ Malunga neempawu zePulse kunye neziphumo kwiMisebenzi
1. Umahluko phakathi kwe-YVO4 kunye ne-fiber laser
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-YVO4 lasers kunye ne-fiber lasers ngamandla aphezulu kunye nobubanzi be-pulse.Amandla encochoyi amele ubunzulu bokukhanya, kwaye ububanzi bepulse bumele ubude bexesha lokukhanya.I-yVO4 inophawu lokuvelisa ngokulula iincochoyi eziphezulu kunye nee-pulses ezimfutshane zokukhanya, kwaye ifayibha inophawu lokuvelisa lula iincochoyi ezisezantsi kunye neepulse ezinde zokukhanya.Xa i-laser ikhupha izinto eziphathekayo, umphumo wokucubungula unokuhluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kumahluko kwiipulses.
2. Impembelelo kwizinto eziphathekayo
I-pulses ye-laser ye-YVO4 i-irradiate impahla ngokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kwexesha elifutshane, ukwenzela ukuba iindawo ezikhanyayo zomgangatho ophezulu zifudumale ngokukhawuleza kwaye zipholile ngokukhawuleza.Inxalenye efakwe i-radiated ipholiswe kwindawo enegwebu kwindawo ebilayo kwaye ikhuphe umphunga ukuze yenze umshicilelo ongekho nzulu.I-irradiation iphela ngaphambi kokuba ukushisa kudluliselwe, ngoko ke kukho impembelelo encinci ye-thermal kwindawo ejikelezileyo.
I-pulses ye-fiber laser, kwelinye icala, i-irradiate low-intensity light ixesha elide.Ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo bukhuphuka ngokucothayo kwaye buhlala bumanzi okanye bube ngumphunga ixesha elide.Ke ngoko, i-fiber laser ifanelekile ukukrola okumnyama apho inani lokukrola liba likhulu, okanye apho isinyithi siphantsi kobushushu obukhulu kunye ne-oxidizes kwaye kufuneka mnyama.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2023